Questions On The Economic Terms Essay - 1972 Words

1.1 Explain key economic terms. Scarcity Is mainly making a choice. We would have to make a trade -off by giving up on one thing and getting another such as you choose to buy a new car over a new phone. Tanstaafl is the sum up word for both the definition of scarcity/opportunity cost. If the goods and resources are scares then there is nothing free simply requires us giving up on one thing to get our hands on the other. Micro economics is concerned with decision making on a small scale such as consumers, workers, businesses or firms and how they communicate with each and other and look at different markets at the same time. Macroeconomics which is mainly measuring how the economy as a whole is doing example of that would mainly be the GDP (which would try to value the amount of stuff produced) Inflation in which the value of the stuff increases and for that people would look for other alternatives such as when the prices of potatoes would go up people would buy more rise as a source of carbohydrates. Models are mainly a series of situations described in an economical way moving from one model to another different problem would have a different model applied to it (model=theory). Voluntary exchange is when you change your goods for someone else goods. Wants – Desires for goods/services. Needs – Things which an economy would need to survive. Choice – Uses scars resources to look for similar alternatives. Scars resources – Choice would have to be made effectively asShow MoreRelatedThe Economic Problem Of The Market Economy1237 Words   |  5 PagesThe economic problem faced in the market economy is that there are an unlimited amount of wants with a scarce amount of resources. They only current solution is to make decisions as the desire of satisfying all wants is not possible. Economics is the about the allocation of limited resources in the best possible way in order to satisfy needs (items essential for survival – food and shelter) and wants (not necessities, but provide satisfaction and assist achievement of higher standard of living).Read MoreA Family s Economic Deprivation Most Dominant Factor Of A Child s Health1305 Words   |  6 Pagesarticle subjects two main research questions. First, how is a family’s economic deprivation influential to children? And second, how does timing and duration of family economic deprivation impact the development of children ? Key Research Findings: The article states that family income is the most dominant factor of a child’s cognitive development out of all other conventional measures such as ethnicity, female headship or maternal education. However income and economic status only has a faint connectionRead MoreMiddle East Faces Water Shortage For The Next 25 Years1403 Words   |  6 PagesIntro paragraph: I collected the news articles for this assignment through various means. For instance, I used Google search, and typed in keywords such as economy, scarce resources, economic analysis, economic data, consumer demand, consumer spending and consumer prices. I would then click the news tab and looked through the list of recent news articles, and I would pick the ones that caught my attention the most. 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From Ibn Haldun and Adam Smith to David Hume and Karl Marx, from Alfred Marshall and Robert Solow to Paul Romer and Daron Acemoglu, there have been so many prominent and distinguished scholars who tried to find an answer to this question in order to understand the worldRead MoreLiving by Numbers1105 Words   |  5 PagesLIVING BY NUMBERS Question 1 Determine the economic earnings of MarineCorp Sdn. Bhd., Green Port Sdn. Bhd and Sungai Emas Port Sdn. Bhd. | Economic Earnings | MarineCorp Sdn Bhd | RM 14,274,611 | Green Port Sdn Bhd | RM (14,588,232) | Sungai Emas Port Sdn Bhd | RM 5,030,563 | Green Port will have negative economic earnings and the other two will have positive economic earnings. Positive Earnings = provides higher return than the cost of capital Negative Earnings = the value of theRead MoreQuestions on Economic Issues713 Words   |  3 PagesQuestion A The term economic cycle typically refers to fluctuations in production, trade, unemployment, spending, and economic measures over the course of a time period. In capitalism, these fluctuations usually occur between expansion and boom period (rapid economic growth) and periods of decline or stagnation (recession or contraction). They do not follow a predictable pattern and have a number of variables associated. Capitalism, whether simply the term used as Adam Smiths ideal system or theRead MoreLesson Overview : Jane O Connors The Fabulous Fashion Boutique 1042 Words   |  5 Pagesdescriptive vocabulary words. In Fancy Nancy and the Fabulous Fashion Boutique, there are many economic vocabulary terms embedded within the text and story. These words relate to economics standards for second grade social studies. This lesson will introduce students to key economic vocabulary emb edded within the text, as well as to illustrate key economic concepts through talking and writing about the text. The economic vocabulary introduced in the story will be reinforced by a having the students createRead MoreEconomics Of Happiness Is Useful For Assess Overall Welfare Of An Individual1376 Words   |  6 Pages(Given) There has always been interest in understanding what makes people happy (Thus) The economics of happiness is important to improve policy that impacts well-being (How) By using longitudinal data and original research to draw conclusions on happiness Chapter 1: The Economics of Happiness (Given) The economics of happiness is useful to assess overall welfare of an individual (Thus) Economics of happiness is complementary to income-based measurements of welfare (Because 1) Income-basedRead MoreEssay on Starbucks Case Study891 Words   |  4 PagesQuestion 1 Overall, Starbucks’ performance has been mixed over the past six months. On April 13, 2012, its stock price reached a high of $61.67 per share and closed at $57.37 per share. 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The Effect of the Modernization of China on Chinese Music...

The modernization of China has played a key role in the changes of popular culture in China. With modernization, the people of China were introduced to different forms and styles of music which the Chinese studied and incorporated into their own music. They felt that the Westernization of their music would make it more modern. With the rise of popular music came a means of identification, and with that, regulations to control its effect on society as a whole. And finally, the blurring of boundaries between China and the rest of the world show the ever-changing nature of the music in China. Throughout Chinas modernization, as the country opened up to the West, the Chinese music scene slowly changed in terms of style, production,†¦show more content†¦He Luting later came to be â€Å"one of the most influential twentieth-century Chinese composers and music educators† (Lau 97). The adoption of Western music inspired new ways of viewing music and resulted in a transformation of Chinese music. It prompted â€Å"Chinese composers to either fuse Western music with traditional sounds or turn their back on traditional Chinese music [because they Westernized] their music modeled on the perceptions that Western music equates with modernization† (Lau 90). Additionally, because many traditionalists feared that traditional Chinese music would gradually disappear due to the modernizing Western music, â€Å"they began to focus on promoting Chinese music as a way to counteract the encroachment of Western culture and music. But they did it in a modernist rather than preservationist sort of way. Many musicians experimented with new ways of composing music and modernizing traditional instruments† (Lau 92). Scholars consider Mandarin popular songs as â€Å"the first kind of modern popular music developed in China† (Lau 106). These Mandarin pop songs were developed in Shanghai in the 1920s. In Shanghai, the â€Å"trendy Chinese in Shanghai mimicked the lifestyle of the citys foreigners, engaging in pastimes brought in from the West, and this was alsoShow MoreRelatedKorean Wave (Hallyu) in China2081 Words   |  9 Pages(Hallyu) was coined in China in mid-1999 by Beijing journalists surprised by the fast growing popularity of South Koreans and South Korean goods in China.† However, the phenomenon of Korean wave flows into East Asia especially China during the early twenty-first century. Korean wave covers the craze for South Korean music, TV dramas, pop stars, but also for fashion styles, cosmetics and electronics. There are many reasons causing Korean wave being a popular mass culture in China. Korean wave spreadRead MoreSocial Performance Of Organizations : The Internatio nal Corporation1634 Words   |  7 Pages Social Performance of Organizations Ciara Roundtree Course Name Instructor Name 01 August 2016 â€Æ' Apple Inc. is regarded and recognized as a leader in technology. The international corporation is identified for its modernization in technology and its admired products for instance the iPod, iPad, iPhone, Mac computers and software of computer. Apple in short time, has turn out to be the second-largest world s information technology company by income subsequent to Samsung Electronics, and theRead More Birth Of Communication Essay4825 Words   |  20 Pagesvery close because of â€Å"great modern inventions. However, the close feeling was only on communication terms. Culturally the effect of communication was a very complicated process. 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Science And Practice Improve Health Equity â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Science And Practice Improve Health Equity? Answer: Introducation Planning is simply deciding on something or making arrangements for something in advance. It outlines where a person or an organization wants to go, ways of getting there and a timeline for the process. Planning takes into account decision making that are reflective of future needs and addresses these needs. In details it therefore involves future goals specification and lay down of courses of action that will bring about the set achievements (Wallerstein Duran, 2010). In the public sector health service planning context, planning is focused on supporting and developing a high quality service delivery health system to the community. Health service plans precisely seek to progress a given populations health status and at the same time safeguard access, equity and fairness of the health system and its responsiveness to the specific perceived communitys needs. These planning intend to achieve the above goals by providing effective and efficient health services. It is however limited to the available methods, means of healthcare and resources. Therefore, this kind of planning is a process of allying the changing need patterns with service delivery arrangements that are in existence so as to make maximum utilization of the available resources (Stonhope, 2015). It puts into significant service provision the strategic directions and policy of healthcare organizations. The transparent and comprehensive process of defining strategies and service objectives helps in the achievement of the same. Amongst operational, budgetary, strategic and service enablers planning, health service delivery planning is key. It is oriented to the organizations future adopting a long term perspective compared to the other types of planning. It puts the organization in a strategic position to address health issues that may emerge and are vital to contemporary to healthcare. The environment in which healthcare delivery occurs is more and more dynamic with ever changing technological advances, community expectations and government priorities. There exist ever increasing demands and pressures on the health system of the public sector amidst constrained budgets (Swayne et al., 2012). In future there will be even increased pressure due to increasing chronic disease prevalence and ageing population. In this light, it is vital that services have the capability and are well planned to be in a position to respond to the evolving changes to meet population needs. These changes include: population needs and populations; it includes studying population characteristics i.e. social economic status, growth, cultural diversity and age groupings. In addition to that, coming up with the populations risk factors like excessive consumption of alcohol, smoking and obesity which may lead to different health issues, planning can be done in such a way that services are designed to reduce the target populations risks (Trivedi et al., 2012). Emerging technologies and clinical evidence; understanding there impact helps to shape organization and delivery of future services. It includes changes in the understanding and knowledge of disease trend, service delivery models and treatment techniques. Foretelling service need in future; services demand in future as a result of population changes, treatment technologies change and disease patterns change is taken into account here. Through these assessments future service development decisions are better informed (Pol it Beck, 2012). Resources allocation prioritization; due to limited availability of resources to invest in the health sector, prioritization done to make sure areas of greatest need have resources directed towards them. Service efficiency improvement; exploration is done to bring on board alternative options that can meet increasing demand and optimize delivery of services. These may include service delivery in different settings including homes. Providing sustainable and safe services; service viability i.e. high quality care that exceed or meet minimum set standards. Two methods can however be used in developing a health service plan as follows. Population based planning Every communities or countries healthcare service should be focused to reach its entire population. Attend to the populations needs and cover promotion, preventive and curative health services. It involves a collaborative and systematic assessment of the needs of the population. Emphases are put on the populations current health status identification, health problems determinants and risk factors, development and analysis of interventions and their link to outputs (Drummond et al., 2015). It relies on stakeholders effective collaboration and can involve other sectors stake holders to discuss and identify health issues and come to an agreement on regulations that will progress the concerned populations health. It is based on the values of equity (equity in access and outcomes), effectiveness (patients level of benefit from the provided service), accessibility (service acceptability, geographical, cultural, physical and affordability), quality (measure of the degree of service conformi ty to set standards) and efficiency (maximize benefits from resources use). However these planning principles conflict i.e. accessibility vs quality, efficiency vs accessibility and equity vs accessibility. Population based planning makes use of holistic data. Here needs are assessed through population surveys since it is the frequently used information collection method. This information is then used to set realistic future goals and appropriate allocation of resources. The communities main interests are served using this planning method (De Grot et al., 2010). A need assessment process is put into place and it describes the local peoples state of health, identifies causes of illnesses and major health causing risk factors. It also helps in bringing to light how to address these factors. However this is not a one- time process/ activity, it is carried on over time to capture the changes that arise. It is therefore relevant for future use too. Most importantly, this method takes into account the fact that a number of factors affect health. The quality of water people drink, the air they breathe and their physical environment has an effect on their health. Family and friends emotional an d social support are part of the social environment and it affects peoples health. The enjoyment of life is reduced by poverty, lifestyle behaviors e.g. heavy drinking and smoking will increase risk of diseases like lung cancer and avoiding these behaviors significantly reduces its risk. Individual biology and family genetics also play a role in ones health (Dennis et al., 2012). Advantages Public inequalities elimination; population based healthcare makes it possible for equitable and quality care to be delivered to communities by practitioners. Group empowerment; it gives doctors and healthcare teams a platform to empower communities on precise disease conditions. Through printed materials, posters and workshops these can be achieved. Community healthcare preventive measures are applied here. Population based health planning preventive measures; practitioners base their work upon this strategies and concepts. Prevention at a primary level; the likelihood of disease occurrence is reduced at this level. This include: healthcare education on lifestyle and behavior, diet, physical activity and psychological support; communicable diseases prevention through vaccination; job opportunities and good housing; safe environment promotion i.e. sanitation, clean air and drinking water; pollution and industrial hazard avoidance. Prevention at secondary level; deals with preventing progress of a disease. Its achieved by; case or risk assessment, surveys and early testing, assessments of public health, medical help and basic investigation help (Buntin et al., 2011). Prevention at tertiary level: this stage focuses on minimizing suffering from diseases and disabilities that may be caused by the diseases. This can be achieved by education, rehabilitation care, palliative care, psychological support and creating awareness. Team focus; it brings together different healthcare practitioners thus creating team building spirit thus achieving more success. Disadvantages Assessing populations risk levels and health status can be hectic and difficult. Many determinants under these method e.g. social factors are outside the health sector. This is hectic as it requires collaboration with other sectors in order to bring out best results. The health sector may not be able to influence broader social determinants of health since it may lack the capacity to do so (Alessi, 2010). It is a lengthy process which can be affected by governments politics. Since it involves a lot of stakeholders, they may fail to settle on one view maintaining different cultural, social and environmental views thus hindering implementation. Stakeholders may have conflicting interests that may add weight on the planner as they try to control the conflict between political realities and rational planning. Many health determinants under this method are not easily identifiable and may not have an action to remedy them. Accurate information and data gathering in the health field is always demanding and costly. For reliable and timely health action and surveillance, there is need for innovation of technology to help with the same. Limited collection, dissemination, analysis and data use affect directly decision making capacity in needs and problem identification, progress tracking, interventions impact evaluation. Due to short political time in office, politicians do not have interest in passing long term policies thus funding long term project is not their priority (Berman et al., 2012). Therefore for them to be seen bringing fourth benefits, they will rather fund institutional plans. Institutional based service planning It refers to joint care for the public by analyzing first the population they are planning for. Their environment is scanned; these include the internal and external environments. In the external environment, public sector has to plan according to state and national policies (Dulet, 2012). The private sector has to take into account market for their services and competition from other providers. On the other hand the internal environment takes into account their capability to meet future healthcare needs of the population as well as their present needs. Efficiency of services is assessed through benchmarking performance (Park, 2015). The population is profiled; under population demography, education standards, population projections, composition and size are looked at. Housing, health behaviors and social factors are also taken into account. The status of their health profiled; here a variety of factors are looked into i.e. burden of disease, mortality and morbidity rates. Service pr ojections and utilization are analyzed through hospital separations by major diagnostic groups and diagnosis related groups. Current service arrangements are described using private and public bed numbers, occupied bed days, flows in and out of the area, average length of stay per MDG and DRG, occupancy levels by specialty and by facility, number of surgical operations, community service types, and ratio of aged care population beds and through comparison of costs, flows and services. Geographical catchment; under these public transport cost, access to health centers and availability is looked at. Speed of travel, easiness of the roads, and nearness of the area to the nearest city, communication in terms of broadband speed and access and mobile phone access (Frenk et al., 2010). The planning process is then done through forecasting changes in disease burden and population composition and projection, establishing current structures through situational analysis, development and revision of service goals, identification of interventions that can be effective, strategies formulation, plan development, its implementation and then evaluation. Therefore institutional based planning is focused on services provision to a certain extent than population need (Green Thorogood, 2013). Needs are identified from provision and understanding of current services. It relies heavily on data from demographic profiling. It focuses organizations efficiency improvement, enhancing service provision and service quality improvement. It provides collaborate public care through primary health centers (primary health care) referral units and sub district hospitals (secondary health care) and medical colleges or by specialty hospitals (tertiary health plans). Advantages Provides individual needs to a particular individual and it enhances appropriate care delivery. In institutional service provision, there is more focus one patients disease condition at a time. Here, holistic care is provided. Treatment pattern is improved using new technology in screening and diagnosis. Provides psychological and personal based care. There are new treatments and scientific interventions in place. Healthcare/ treatment are provided up to tertiary level all the way from primary level. Assists staff requirements planning. Available resources are utilized sufficiently. Disadvantages Hospital demand projections has limitations when based on present clinical practice due to assumptions as follows; assuming clinical practice does not change over time is a false assumption since it gets better over time. Population health doesnt necessarily stay the same over time as assumed in this model. Cancer and obesity rates increase over time. Private health insurance doesnt remain the same as assumed in the model. Hospital beds may be used as nursing home beds since aged care facilities are not expansive thus leading in reduced essential service delivery by hospitals. Discussion Population based health care technique is an ancient way of health planning services as it came about at a time when communities showed low incidences of communicable diseases and lifestyle alteration diseases. Therefore in the early nineties the health service planning was based on a population based approach (Paina Peters, 2011). It was important then as it focused on finding disease prevalence and public awareness creation. It is very successful in gathering mobility rates, mortality and analyzing health status of a population in cases of an outbreak of an epidemic. It therefore should be core in any countries health services planning as it all starts with the understanding of the needs of a population and outlining the needed precautions and government steps. This method more suits rural areas (Halpern et al., 2012). On the other hand, institutional based method is a modern method which has been implemented and followed widely. There is a continuous change in the health sector with new technologies, non communicable and non curable diseases prevalence in the population and many more emerging issues. Community and public health care settings cannot treat some of these diseases therefore calling for need to be treated in institutions. This method thus creates a platform that can be used by people with unknown conditions and diseases to find treatment that is appropriate for them (Katherine Sandra, 2016). A government organizations, departments can find ways of supporting people in a particular society. I could lean more towards institutional health planning to implement disease cures through use of new technology and betterment of health sectors. Effective implementation of institutional method through health care policy changes, hospital infrastructure changes, availability and feasibility of healthcare, it will be affordable to the community. Effective implementation can enhance new treatment findings and even cure to non curable diseases. Institutional care of non communicable and non curable diseases can lead to prolonged life of people and control communicable diseases too. However in planning, the major problems that communities face should be taken into account (Harkness DE Marco, 2012). By taking note of that, the planning will develop institutional based plans will be promoting a health population and a healthy county. Conclusion Institutional health planning implementation in a population can bring forth interventions that can curb communicable diseases, provide efficient health services, maximum resource utilization. References Alessi, E. J., Martin, J. I. (2010). Conducting an internet-based survey: Benefits, pitfalls, and lessons learned. Social Work Research, 34(2), 122-128. Berman, E. M., Bowman, J. S., West, J. P., Van Wart, M. R. (2012). Human resource management in public service: Paradoxes, processes, and problems. Sage. Buntin, M. B., Burke, M. F., Hoaglin, M. C., Blumenthal, D. (2011). The benefits of health information technology: a review of the recent literature shows predominantly positive results. Health affairs, 30(3), 464-471. De Groot, R. S., Alkemade, R., Braat, L., Hein, L., Willemen, L. (2010). Challenges in integrating the concept of ecosystem services and values in landscape planning, management and decision making. Ecological complexity, 7(3), 260-272. Demetrius James Porche (2014) Public Community Health Nursing Practice: A Population-Based Approach, SAGE Publications. Dennis, A., Clark, J., Crdova, D., McIntosh, J., Edlund, K., Wahlin, B., ... Blanchard, K. (2012). Access to contraception after health care reform in Massachusetts: a mixed-methods study investigating benefits and barriers. Contraception, 85(2), 166-172. Drummond, M. F., Sculpher, M. J., Claxton, K., Stoddart, G. L., Torrance, G. W. (2015). Methods for the economic evaluation of health care programmes. Oxford university press. Dul, J., Bruder, R., Buckle, P., Carayon, P., Falzon, P., Marras, W. S., ... van der Doelen, B. (2012). A strategy for human factors/ergonomics: developing the discipline and profession. Ergonomics, 55(4), 377-395. Frenk, J., Chen, L., Bhutta, Z. A., Cohen, J., Crisp, N., Evans, T., ... Kistnasamy, B. (2010). Health professionals for a new century: transforming education to strengthen health systems in an interdependent world. The lancet, 376(9756), 1923-1958. Green, J., Thorogood, N. (2013). Qualitative methods for health research. Sage. Halpern, B. S., Longo, C., Hardy, D., McLeod, K. L., Samhouri, J. F., Katona, S. K., ... Rosenberg, A. A. (2012). An index to assess the health and benefits of the global ocean. Nature, 488(7413), 615. Harkness, G. A., DE Marco, R. (2012), Community and public health nursing: evidence for practice. Philadelphia: Walters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams Wilkins Publishers Katherine M. Keyes and Sandra Galea (2016) Population Health Science (1st edition), OUP publishers, USA. Paina, L., Peters, D. H. (2011). Understanding pathways for scaling up health services through the lens of complex adaptive systems. Health policy and planning, 27(5), 365-373. Par k., (2015) Textbook of preventive and social medicine. , (23rd edition), m/s Banarasidas Bhanot Publishers, Jabalpur, India. Polit. F.D and Beck. C.T, (2012). Nursing Research Generating and Assessing Evidence for Nursing Practice (8 th ed.). New York, Lippincott company Publishers. Shariff, S. R., Moin, N. H., Omar, M. (2012). Location allocation modeling for healthcare facility planning in Malaysia. Computers Industrial Engineering, 62(4), 1000-1010. Stanhope Lancaster, (2015), Public health nursing. (9th edition), Philadelphia, Mosby company Publishers. Swayne, L. E., Duncan, W. J., Ginter, P. M. (2012). Strategic management of health care organizations. John Wiley Sons Trivedi, A. N., Grebla, R. C., Jiang, L., Yoon, J., Mor, V., Kizer, K. W. (2012). Duplicate federal payments for dual enrollees in Medicare Advantage plans and the Veterans Affairs health care system. Jama, 308(1), 67-72. Wallerstein, N., Duran, B. (2010). Community-based participatory research contributions to intervention research: the intersection of science and practice to improve health equity. American journal of public health, 100(S1), S40-S46.

The Lucid Eye in Silver Town free essay sample

This extract tells of thirteen-year-old Jay August’s one-day visit to New York City from the perspective of his adult self. Quincy is unsure of the location of a good New York bookstore, having been gone from the city for most of the past fifteen years, but he directs the taxi driver to Forty-Second Street and Sixth Avenue. Arriving there, the driver lets his passengers out near a small park. Jay finds the park inviting, with its pigeons and benches and â€Å"office girls in their taut summer dresses,† and leads his father and uncle into the grounds. Standing in the park, looking up at the New York skyline, Jay suddenly feels something â€Å"sharp and hard† fall into his eye. Seeing the boy’s distress, Martin suggests he and Quincy take Jay out of the wind; perhaps he can find whatever has fallen into his son’s eye. Quincy, however, insists that they return to the hotel and find a doctor to examine Jay’s eye. We will write a custom essay sample on The Lucid Eye in Silver Town or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Reluctantly, Martin defers to his brother. Arriving at the hotel, Jay is embarrassed as he is herded through the lobby by his father and his uncle. He tries to look â€Å"passably suave† even though his eye is shut and his face is probably red. Jay is appalled when his father shares his plight with an â€Å"old bum† in the lobby: â€Å"Poor kid got something in his eye. † Back in the hotel room, Quincy calls for a doctor. With a clean handkerchief, Martin attempts to remove whatever happens to be in Jay’s eye, but his son pushes him away. In pain, Jay refuses to open his eye. He wants to wait for the doctor. Narrator Jay August’s understanding of himself as a boy of thirteen shows it is he who finally sees most clearly. Looking back, Jay recognizes—sometimes wryly—the boy he had been, a â€Å"poor kid† from a small Pennsylvania town, one filled with restless longing and pseudo-sophistication. For the young Jay August, New York had been â€Å"the silver town. † Watching the â€Å"shimmering buildings† as they â€Å"arrowed upward and glinted through the treetops,† he had felt â€Å"towers of ambition, crystalline† rise within himself. The author uses this epithet â€Å"crystalline† for interpretation of the title of the text, where New York is called a Silver Town. Let’s look through the stylistic devices which the author uses in this extract. The stylistic device most prominent in the text is epithet. The boy’s feelings get home to the reader due to this stylistic device. In the description of the mark we can observe such epithets as â€Å"inviting† but the author also uses the metaphor â€Å"agreeably dusty† and it can serve as the contrast between these two words. The repetition of the word â€Å"and† can help us to concentrate on the description of events which take place in the park: â€Å"with the pigeons and the men nodding on the benches and the office girls in their tout summer dresses†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The author attracts out attention to the buildings. The epithet â€Å"shimmering† the metaphors â€Å"arrowed† and â€Å"rose† are aimed to create the atmosphere of a big city, which is like a dream, especially for people from the countryside. The author uses the parallelism in the sentence â€Å"one of them would take my hand, or put one of theirs on my shoulder, but I would walk faster, and the hands would drop away†. This similarity makes it easier for the reader to concentrate on the message. And this message describes the way to the hotel. It is obvious that the boy would like to look older and he didn’t want somebody to know about his problem. It can prove the fact that this boy is quite brave and patient. For describing the boy’s feelings the author uses simile: â€Å"it feel like a steel chip, deeply embedded†. But nevertheless the boy didn’t cry and complain. He tried not to worry his â€Å"guardians†: â€Å"It’ll work out† – he said. The general slant of the text can be characterized as emotional, because the author concentrates on the reaction of the main characters.

Overview of The History of Sexuality

Overview of The History of Sexuality The History of Sexuality is a three-volume series of books written between 1976 and 1984 by French philosopher and historian Michel Foucault. The first volume of the book is titled An Introduction while the second volume is titled The Use of Pleasure, and the third volume is titled The Care of the Self. Foucault’s main goal in the books is to disprove the idea that Western society had repressed sexuality since the 17th century and that sexuality had been something that society did not talk about. The books were written during the sexual revolution in the United States. Thus it was a popular belief that up until this point in time, sexuality was something that was forbidden and unmentionable. That is, throughout history, sex had been treated as a private and practical matter that should only take place between a husband and a wife. Sex outside of these boundaries was not only prohibited, but it had also been repressed. Foucault asks three questions about this repressive hypothesis: Is it historically accurate to trace what we think of sexual repression today to the rise of the bourgeois in the 17th century?Is power in our society really expressed primarily in terms of regression?Is our modern-day discourse on sexuality really a break from this history of repression or is it a part of the same history? Throughout the book, Foucault questions the repressive hypothesis. He does not contradict it and does not deny the fact that sex has been a taboo subject in Western culture. Instead, he sets out to find out how and why sexuality is made an object of discussion. In essence, Foucault’s interest does not lie in sexuality itself, but rather in our drive for a certain kind of knowledge and the power that we find in that knowledge. The Bourgeois and Sexual Repression The repressive hypothesis links sexual repression to the rise of the bourgeoisie in the 17th-century. The bourgeois became rich through hard work, unlike the aristocracy before it. Thus, they valued a strict work ethic and frowned upon wasting energy on frivolous pursuits such as sex. Sex for pleasure, to the bourgeois, became an object of disapproval and an unproductive waste of energy. And since the bourgeoisie were the ones who were in power, they made the decisions on how sex could be spoken about and by whom. This also meant they had control over the kind of knowledge that people had about sex. Ultimately, the bourgeois wanted to control and confine sex because it threatened their work ethic. Their desire to control talk and knowledge about sex was essentially a desire to control power. Foucault is not satisfied with the repressive hypothesis and uses The History of Sexuality as a means to attack it. Instead of simply saying that it is wrong and arguing against it, however, Foucault also takes a step back and examines where the hypothesis came from and why. Sexuality in Ancient Greece and Rome In volumes two and three, Foucault also examines the role of sex in ancient Greece and Rome, when sex was not a moral issue but rather something erotic and normal. He answers questions such as: How did sexual experience come to be a moral issue in the West? And why were other experiences of the body, such as hunger, not subject to the rules and regulations that have come to define and confine sexual behavior? Source: SparkNotes Editors. (n.d.). SparkNote on The History of Sexuality: An Introduction, Volume 1. Retrieved February 14, 2012. Foucault, M. (1978) The History of Sexuality, Volume 1: An Introduction. United States: Random House. Foucault, M. (1985) The History of Sexuality, Volume 2: The Use of Pleasure. United States: Random House. Foucault, M. (1986) The History of Sexuality, Volume 3: The Care of the Self. United States: Random House.

USS Wyoming (BB-32) - US Navy

USS Wyoming (BB-32) - US Navy USS Wyoming  (BB-32) - Overview: Nation:  United States Type:  Battleship Shipyard:  William Cramp Sons, Philadelphia, PA Laid Down:  February 9, 1910 Launched:  May 25, 1911 Commissioned:  September 25, 1912 Fate:  Sold for Scrap USS Wyoming  (BB-32) - Specifications: Displacement:  26,000  tons Length:  562 ft. Beam:  93.1 ft. Draft:  28.5 ft. Propulsion:  12  Babcock and Wilcox  coal-fired boilers  with oil spray, 4-shaft  Parsons  direct-drive  steam turbines Speed:  20.5  knots Complement:  1,063  men​ Armament: 12 Ãâ€"  12-inch/50 caliber Mark 7  guns21 Ãâ€"  5/51 caliber guns2 Ãâ€" 21  torpedo tubes ​USS Wyoming  (BB-32) - Design: Originating at the 1908 Newport Conference, the Wyoming-class of battleship represented the US Navys fourth type of dreadnought after the earlier  -,  -, and  -classes.   The initial design came about through war games and discussions as the preceding classes had not yet entered service.   Key among the conferences conclusions was the need for increasingly larger calibers of main armament.   Through the latter part of 1908, debate ensued over the layout and armament of the new class with various configurations being considered.   On March 30, 1909, Congress approved construction of two Design 601 battleships.   This design called for a ship approximately 20% larger than the  Florida-class and mounting twelve 12 guns.    Designated USS Wyoming  (BB-32) and USS  Arkansas  (BB-33), the two ships of the new class were powered by twelve Babcock and Wilcox coal-fired boilers with direct drive turbines turning four propellers.   Layout of the main armament saw the twelve 12 guns spread through six twin turrets in  superfiring (one firing over the other) pairs forward, amidships, and aft.   To support the main battery, designers added twenty-one 5 guns with the majority mounted in individual casemates below the main deck. In addition, the battleships carried two 21 torpedo tubes.   For protection, the Wyoming-class possessed a main armor belt eleven inches thick.    Assigned to William Cramp Sons in Philadelphia, work commenced on  Wyoming  on February 9, 1910.   Moving ahead over the next fifteen months, the new battleship slid down the ways May 25, 1911, with Dorothy Knight, daughter of Wyoming Supreme Court Chief Justice Jesse Knight, serving as sponsor.   With the completion of construction,  Wyoming  shifted to the Philadelphia Navy Yard where it entered commission on September 25, 1912, with Captain Frederick L. Chapin in command.   Steaming north, the new battleship finished final fitting out at the New York Navy Yard before sailing to join the Atlantic Fleet. USS Wyoming (BB-32) - Early Service: Arriving at Hampton Roads on December 30,  Wyoming became flagship for Rear Admiral Charles J. Badger, commander of the Atlantic Fleet.   Departing the following week, the battleship steamed south to the Panama Canal construction site before conducting exercises off Cuba.   Returning north in March,  Wyoming  underwent minor repairs before returning to the fleet.   The remainder of the year saw the battleship engaged in routine peacetime activities until October when it sailed for the Mediterranean to make goodwill visits to  Malta, Italy, and France.   Returning home in December, Wyoming entered the yard at New York for a brief overhaul before joining the Atlantic Fleet off Cuba for winter maneuvers the following month. In May 1914, Wyoming steamed south with a contingent of troops to support the US occupation of Veracruz which had commenced a few weeks earlier.   Remaining in the area, the battleship assisted operations  relating to the occupation into the fall.   Following repairs at New York, Wyoming spent the next two years following the  US Navys standard cycle of maneuvers in  northern waters during the summer and  in the Caribbean  in the winter.   Having completed exercises off Cuba in late March 1917, the battleship found itself off  Yorktown, VA when word arrived that the United States had declared war on Germany  and entered World War I. USS Wyoming (BB-32) - World War I: For the next seven months, Wyoming operated in the Chesapeake training engineers for the fleet.   That fall, the battleship received orders to join USS New York (BB-34), USS Florida (BB-30), and USS Delaware (BB-28) in Battleship Division 9.   Led by Rear Admiral Hugh Rodman, this formation departed in November to reinforce Admiral Sir David Beattys British Grand Fleet at Scapa Flow.   Arriving in  December, the force was redesignated the 6th Battle Squadron.   Commencing combat operations in February 1918, the American ships aided in protecting convoys bound for Norway. Continuing similar operations through the year, Wyoming became the squadrons flagship in October after New York collided with a German U-boat.   With the conflicts end in November, the battleship sortied with the Grand Fleet on the 21st to escort the German High Seas Fleet into internment at Scapa Flow.   On December  12, Wyoming,  carrying new squadron commander Rear  Admiral William Sims, sailed for  France where it rendezvoused with SS George Washington which was transporting President Woodrow Wilson to the peace conference at Versailles.   Following a brief port call in Britain, the battleship left European waters and arrived  at New York on Christmas Day. USS Wyoming (BB-32) - Postwar Years: Briefly serving as flagship of Battleship Division 7, Wyoming aided in directing a flight Curtiss NC-1 flying  boats on a trans-Atlantic flight in May 1919.   Entering Norfolk Navy Yard in July, the battleship underwent a  modernization program in anticipation of its transfer to the Pacific.   Designated flagship of the Pacific Fleets Battleship Division 6, Wyoming departed for the West Coast later that summer and arrived at San Diego on August 6.   Conducting maneuvers through the following year, the battleship then cruised to  Valparaiso, Chile in early 1921.   Transferred back to the Atlantic  that August, Wyoming  embarked the Atlantic Fleets commander Admiral Hilary P. Jones.   Over the next six years, the  vessel resumed its previous cycle of peacetime training which was only punctuated by a European cruise in 1924 which included  visits to Britain, the  Netherlands, Gibraltar, and the Azores. In 1927, Wyoming arrived at the Philadelphia Navy Yard  for an extensive  modernization.  Ã‚   This saw the addition of anti-torpedo bulges, the installation of new oil-fired boilers, as well as some alterations to the superstructure.  Ã‚  Completing a shakedown cruise in December, Wyoming became flagship of Vice Admiral Ashley Robertsons Scouting Fleet.   In this role for three years, it also aided in training NROTC detachments from several universities.   After brief service with Battleship Division 2, the aging Wyoming was  pulled  from frontline service and assigned to Rear Admiral Harley H. Christys Training Squadron.   Placed in reduced commission in January 1931,  efforts commenced to demilitarize the battleship in accordance with the London Naval  Treaty.   This saw the anti-torpedo bulges,  half the main battery, and the ships side armor removed. USS Wyoming (BB-32) - Training Ship: Brought back to active service in May, Wyoming embarked a contingent of midshipmen from the US Naval Academy and NROTC cadets for a training cruise to  Europe and the Caribbean.   Redesignated AG-17 in August, the former battleship spent the next five years in a training role.   In 1937, while taking part in amphibious assault exercise off California, a 5 shell accidently exploded killing six and wounding eleven.   Later that year, Wyoming conducted a goodwill call to Kiel, Germany where its crew  visited the pocket battleship Admiral Graf Spee.   With the beginning of World War II in Europe in September 1939, the ship assumed a place in the Atlantic  Naval Reserve Force.   Two years later,  Wyoming  commenced conversion into a gunnery training ship. Beginning this duty in November 1941, Wyoming  was operating off Platts Bank when word was received of the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor.   As the US Navy expanded to meet the demands of a two-ocean  war, the old battleship remained engaged in training gunners for the fleet.   Earning the nickname Chesapeake Raider for its frequent appearances in the bay, Wyoming  continued in this duty until January 1944.   Entering the yard at Norfolk, it commenced a modernization which saw the removal of its remaining 12 guns and the conversion of the turrets into single and  dual mounts for 5  guns.   Resuming its training mission in April, Wyoming remained in this role until June 30, 1945.   Ordered north it joined the Operational Development Force and  aided in devising tactics to combat Japanese kamikazes. With the end of the war, Wyoming continued to operate with this force.   Ordered to  Norfolk in 1947, it arrived on July 11 and was decommissioned on August 1.   Stricken from the Naval Vessel Registry on September 16, Wyoming was sold for scrap the following month.   Transferred to New York, this work began that December. Selected Sources: DANFS: USS  Wyoming  (BB-32)NHHC: USS  Wyoming  (BB-32)MaritimeQuest: USS  Wyoming  (BB-32)

Influences of communism in Amerian culture Essay

Influences of communism in Amerian culture - Essay Example But the question is whether these two authors were committed to uphold communist ideals. Also in a round-about way, the question can be asked whether they were aware of Marxist’s influence on their works, or they continued writing the texts to uphold life as it is, while being indifferent to communist ideals. Since commitment to a particular political ideology is the violation of an artist’s commitment to the artistic portrayal of life as it is, the presence of communist themes in Steinbeck’s â€Å"The Grapes of Wrath† and Odets’ appears to be a simple coincidence. Therefore it does not necessarily mean that these pieces of literature would not have been possible without the work of Marx, â€Å"The Communist Manifesto†, but communist zeal happens to construct the major themes of the texts. Reflections of Communist Ideals: Coincidence or Commitment? Indeed â€Å"The Grapes of Wrath† and â€Å"Waiting for Lefty† are the fictional forms of Marx’s â€Å"The Communist Manifesto†. ... Throughout the whole novel, Tom develops from an exploited and passive migrant proletarian to an active communist whose finalized decision is to â€Å"point out and bring to the front the common interests of the entire proletariat† (Marx and Engels 68). According to â€Å"the Communist Manifesto†, this goal is one of the two criteria that distinguish a communist from other proletarians. Transformation from Oppressed Proletariat to an Ideal Communist With the progress of the novel, â€Å"The Grapes of Wrath†, the readers are provided with the scopes of being prepared to embrace the central character’s transformation towards communist ideals. In the beginning of the novel, the readers simply become introduced with miseries and distresses of a working class family that migrates from Oklahoma to California with a hope for better living. The readers experience the struggles of a proletariat’s world through Joads family and Tom is still an outsider in the world of communism. Meanwhile the emotional plot for allowing the readers to experience the growth of the working class parties is prepared. Also at the same time, the readers experience the conflicts between the workers and the labor-exploiter Bourgeois class. At this point the workers -to some extent, the readers also- feel helpless and desperately the need of being organized in the face of mightier Bourgeoisies. Thus at the death of Jim Casey, Tom fills up his position as a self-committed communist. Unlike Steinbeck’s attempt to uphold the individual transformation towards communism, Odets shows collective or class transformation. Through flat and simplistic characterizations he tries to say where there is class-oppression and class-exploitation in a

E-Practice of Medicine Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

E-Practice of Medicine - Essay Example The company prides itself on offering excellent prices for its goods and heavily advertises this feature of its business. Clearance items can be purchased for as much as 80% off of the suggested retail price. The company also offers a savings club for regular purchasers that allows them to realize substantial discounts. (drleonards.com) Customer service is offered via email, live chat, and a toll free phone number. Agents are available from 8 a.m. until 10 p.m. EST Monday through Friday, and 8 a.m. until 5 p.m. EST on Saturdays. (drleonards.com) Ensuring secure data transmission is a priority for the company. Dr. Leonard’s contracts with Verisign (www.verisign.com) to ensure that ordering information is protected from hackers and other information pirates. McAfee Security has evaluated the site and awarded it McAfee SecureClub status for the level of protection it offers for customers performing online transactions. (drleonards.com) According to drleonards.com the firm’s customer base is in the millions. Aside from the main web page and printed catalog, it also has a network of affiliated web sites that link to drleonards.com. Site owners earn an 8% commission on sales that result from visitors clicking on the link. Dr. Leonard’s is a member of the Better Business Bureau of New Jersey, according to www.bbb.org. It holds accredited status with the organization and enjoys an excellent record of satisfying its customers. Dr. Leonard’s customer base is primarily persons in their 40s and older. Their income levels range from below average to slightly above, with a small number in high income brackets. A large proportion are elderly and retired, and many live in rural areas with limited access to local shopping. They tend to be married, conservative in lifestyle and values, and enjoy purchasing items via mail order and online. Analysis of the company’s product line shows that its

Communication Barriers Essay Example for Free

Communication Barriers Essay Environmental factors can affect the communication between the older adult and the nurse (Ruan Lambert, 2007). Some of these factors provided by older adults included not being familiar with the hospital floor, dark rooms, loud noises, the amount of patients needing attention (especially when their illness is severe), visitors and family and the age difference between the older adult and the nurse (Ruan Lambert, 2007). The age difference could potentially make a patient feel as though they have very little in common with the nurse (Ruan Lambert, 2007). It is important that nurses recognize these environmental factors because of the significance of the nurse and patient relationship. Nurse Barriers Four key barriers that impact the patient and nurse relationship are recognized in the results of a questionnaire research project (Ruan Lambert, 2007). The four barriers include â€Å"working without a sincere attitude, showing no respect to elderly patients, being unfriendly, and transferring a sense of hopelessness to the patient† (Ruan Lambert, 2007). Ruan and Lambert (2007) continue by mentioning that nurse’s focus more on the communication aspects of physical activity, whereas the patients are more attracted to the physical process of verbal communication. Patient Barriers Three key barriers are established throughout the results of the questionnaire. These results include â€Å"not trusting the nurse, being hearing-impaired, and pretending to understand† (Ruan Lambert, 2007). The number one barrier of communication differs between the nurses and the older adults. The nurses listed the top barrier to be because the patient is not feeling well and forgets things easily, whereas the patients identified the top barrier to be related to hearing difficulties (Ruan Lambert, 2007). Resources Understanding the risks involving communication barriers, it is important to be aware of the resources available to give patients the holistic care that they deserve. McCabe (2004) asserted, â€Å"Patient-centered communication has been shown to promote patients’ satisfaction with care, as well as their health status† (as cited in Ruan and Lambert, 2008). Mui et al. (2007) state if an individual is not fluent in the language provided by the Health Care Provider it may cause feelings of humiliation and result in not seeking health care. According to ED Management (2012) language support for patients with limited English proficiency (LEP) is obligatory by law if the hospital obtains federal funds. It is suggested that a professional interpreter be present throughout the care of a client to minimize the communication barriers that could result in negative consequences (ED Management, 2012). If the professional interpreter services are not available, insufficient clarification and comprehension can be considered prejudiced towards those in which don’t use English as a first language (Mui et al., 2007). Another resource available would be providing the patient with a social worker to further their care. This would allow the social worker to assess additional needs of medical care, mental health, and other services available (Mui et al., 2007). Additionally, Mui et al. (2007) states that the social workers can access other organizations that could provide the professional interpreter. Having a family member involved in the care of the patient allows for improved communication. Badger, Clarke, Pumphry, and Clifford (2012) suggest that family members take the time to write down words and phrases in both their preferred language along with English to assist in communication when the family is not available. In several situations when a professional interpreter is not available, the family will be asked to interpret to provide the health care professionals with more accurate communication (Badger et al., 2012). Northern Health provides an interpreter service in which you request through your general practitioner when you book an appointment (Northern Health, 2013). The Transcultural and Language Services Department (TALS) provide interpreting services, translation of medical content, along with research and education (Northern Health, 2013). Application of Personal Experience After further research, there are several actions that I will do differently when working with a client that uses English as a second language. I strongly believe that professional translation services must always be available in our health care system despite the need for funding. Reviewing the data related to the number of older adults that use English as a second language, it is essential that translation services be implemented. With this knowledge, I will provide my patient with the information regarding a professional interpreter and see if that is an option they would want involved in their care. Included in the information I would provide to the patient would be that â€Å"addressing language needs of older immigrants would reduce linguistic disparities, improve access to health care, and eventually improve the health status† (Kim et al., 2011). I believe that providing education on the reasons why this resource would be beneficial to their overall health and care would allow the patient to find it more incising rather than feeling humiliated. It is my responsibility as a student nurse to provide additional resources in which are out of my scope of support in order to give the best holistic care for the patient. Delivering information to the patient on the further resources that social workers are able to access may draw further interest to the patient. I feel that involving a social worker would be beneficial to anyone’s care despite the reasoning for being in the hospital. For example, the research provided stated that older adults tend to not reach out to health care resources because they feel humiliated. Providing a social worker would then allow further care whether it involved health care needs, financial assistance, or the use of an interpreter.

Essay --

When imagining the Cold War, it is safe to assume that most people envision a picture that of its namesake; a game of spy versus spy, secret black operations and nuclear threats, with no major physical conflict. However, contrary to the aforementioned portrait, and the given label, the Cold War was anything but â€Å"cold.† Not only was there physical conflict, but full-scale wars, fought out on the battlefield rather than the podium. Engulfed at the start was the Korean War, a bloody wake-up call for America on how far the Communists will fight for their government. A fact to be once again reinforced with the Vietnam War, both of which shook America up to the point of questioning their own â€Å"invincibility.† The â€Å"revelation† in the United States was due to the outcome of both wars, which points to the inarguable fact that our quest to stop Communism in Asia was an overall failure. The fact that the United States was not the global dominant power thought to be after WWII was a tough truth to swallow for the American populace at the time (and perhaps today). After WWII, the US was exhausted, battered, and relieved. Years of fighting finally ended how it began: with the bombing of an unsuspecting populace. A hypocritical, albeit â€Å"necessary† evil. With the newly established United Nations, the world could finally rest in peace. However, the US and its allies now how had a bigger problem to contend with. Many people saw it coming, even before the end of the war. General George S. Patton saw threat in the Soviet Union's power, even while US troops were fighting and dying alongside them. However, despite the warnings, the United States failed to act, and thus, found themselves reacting to Russia's every move. The lines were set, the alliances... ... topic on the minds of even the truest patriots: Did we win? Some might argue yes, since South Korea remains a democratic state today, a fact that cannot be stated if North Korea had won. However, some might argue the opposite; the fact that North Korea is still a thorough-bred communist threat proves that we failed our goal of uniting Korea under a democratic government. The line between winning and losing was, and is, too blurry to accurately decide a conclusion. This was in sharp contrast to WWII, or WWI, or even as far back as the Spanish-American war, where America won. America always wins, right? For the first time in almost 200 years, the answer to that question is no longer clear. And that scared the American people. And with that scare, the cracks of doubt formed in the window of invincibility. A window about to be shattered, by the Iron Hammer of Communism.

General Certificate of Education Ordinary Level

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST If you have been given an Answer Booklet, follow the instructions on the front cover of the Booklet. Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in. Write in dark blue or black pen. Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid. NB: Remember that Section 1 and Section 2 of this paper are worth the same number of marks, so you should divide your time carefully between them. Answer both Section 1 and Section 2. At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together.This document consists of 3 printed pages and 1 blank page. DC (CW) 45353/2  © UCLES 2012 [Turn over 2 Section 1: Directed Writing You are advised to write between 200 and 300 words. Total marks for this part: 30. Task Your best friend, who is a popular member of your class and the captain of the sports club, is leaving your school to move overseas. On your friend’s last day at school you have been asked by your t eacher, Mr. Johnson, to make a speech to your classmates wishing your friend goodbye and good luck.Write your speech. You must include the following: †¢ †¢ †¢ the name of your riend and where your friend is going why your friend is moving what you and your classmates will miss about your friend. Cover all three points above in detail. You should make sure your speech is friendly and contains wishes for a successful future. Start your speech, ‘Mr. Johnson and friends†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢  © UCLES 2012 1123/11/M/J/12 3 Section 2: Creative Writing Begin your answer on a fresh page. Write on one of the following topics. At the head of your essay put the number of the topic you have chosen. You are advised to write between 350 and 500 words.Total marks for this part: 30. 1 Describe some of the different members of the crowd present at an entertainment event. (Remember that you are describing the people and not telling the story of the event. ) 2 ‘Young people shoul d obey their elders without question. ’ What is your view? 3 Write a story which includes the sentence: ‘You want me to lead the group but I don’t think I have the right qualities. ’ 4 Promises. 5 Write about an occasion when a group of neighbours turned against a local official.  © UCLES 2012 1123/11/M/J/12 4 BLANK PAGEPermission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity. University of Cambridge International Examinations is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge.

Al Capone Revision

Al Capone: Revision 0730 HIST 2020-010 4-23-07 Many gangsters have made it in the history books the past 100 years: Billy the Kid, and John Gotti just to name a few. But none matched the notoriety that Al Capone had. Al Capone, short for Alphonsus Capone his birth name, was born on January 17, 1899 in Brooklyn, New York. # Capone grew up with a troubled childhood. After dropping at of school in the sixth grade, Capone got in several gangs of ruffians around town, but nothing too serious. Capone got sick of it and then became a member of the Five Points gang, led by Frankie Yale. After his stint with Yale’s gang, he was sent to Johnny Torrio‘s gang, called the James Street Gang. From 1925 to 1931, Capone and his gangs ruled the streets of Chicago with their vicious gangster ways. # Growing up in the early 1900‘s, you could say Capone had a rough time with it. Torrio soon noticed the talent this young ruffian had and convinced him to with to Chicago to work with his uncle who was one of the cities main concerns with his prostitutes and gambling rings. Al Capone was soon to be Chicago’s, better yet America’s, most notorious gangster and greatest symbol of illegal activities which prevented the city’s growth because it was known as the lawless city. Capone’s soon to be mega-network came through Torrio’s business. They were the pioneers in the selling of illegal alcohol. Capone had power and wealth because he sold illegal alcohol, moonshine, throughout Chicago. After Torrio was shot and badly wounded by a rival gang, this left the rising star, Capone, to take over the thriving business that they had started. Now, Capone was on top the of world at the tender age of only 26. Although vicious, Capone did have somewhat of a good heart when he helped homeless people in Chicago with the first soup kitchen in 1929 after the stock market crash. # Although Capone did help starving people in Chicago, he was a nuisance that needed to be stopped. This, to an extent, as was why the FBI and many other law enforcement agencies were formed. Several law enforcement agencies were built around the area because of crime, and we benefit from it today because if it weren’t for a big time mobster like Capone, we might not have had the law enforcement agencies that we have today. Capone‘s image was seen not only through the eyes of Americans but through the eyes of the world and. People all over the globe thought he was just another thug gangster involved in organized crime. Capone had never done any major time for the crimes he did. Capone walked on water in Chicago, he was so powerful. That’s probably why he decided to open the soup kitchens to get people to like him more. Although this was a good act of respect from Capone, the respect sure enough came tumbling down after his St. Valentines Day Massacre. On Feb. 14, 1929, the St. Valentines Day Massacre made a major impact on the U. S. because it was the most vicious violence they had ever witnessed. # Capone had an alibi for the murder, which he always did. The St. Valentines Day Massacre started when Capon’s gang tricked the Moran gang into thinking it was a police raid when really it was Capone’s gang dressed like police. # As the men were staring at the wall scared of being arrested, the gang broke out with a lead shower of bullets into the backs of the seven members. Obviously, Capone had set this up to take down the rival gangs to strengthen his regime. Although Capone took out an essential part of the gang, Bugs, the leader escaped after seeing the police uniforms, thinking he was getting busted. After the Massacre, Capone and his wife Mary and their children moved to Florida because of the endangerment that Capone had put on them for not killing Bugs. After the Massacre, Capone soon came known as the gangster of the 20’s. After the events of the St. Valentines Day massacre, Capone’s gang received more publicity than any other gang had received before this time. After getting out publicly in Chicago, it was soon on a national spotlight. Capone was now a target of writers all across America. In 1929 While Capone was called before a grand jury in Chicago, little did he know about the powerful people that were teaming up to try to take down this criminal. Capone thought that is was about all of the murders he had committed and so forth. Capone left a mark from this massacre that will be remembered by the United States forever and will sketch his name in as one the most ruthless gangster’s of all time. Capone’s impact of the nation at this time was monumental and glamorized by certain people in his society. Capone’s actions and organizations were getting out of control and soon had to be reckoned with. His way affected people in the Chicago area because of his bad gangster activity as well with his soup kitchens which was one of the slim positive influences he had. In 1930, Capone’s empire slowly but surely flourished after many people working long and hard found a flaw with him, tax evasion. Al Capone was tried on October 17, 1931, when he was finally imprisoned for five of 22 counts of tax evasion from 1925-1929. # Everyone thought that you didn’t pay taxes if you earned the money illegally until Capone made an example for everybody. In May, 1932, Capone was sent to Atlanta to serve his 11-year sentence. As well as those charges, he also didn’t file tax returns for 1928 and 1929. Capone had to pay $50,000 in fines for the counts of tax evasion, a misdemeanor for not filing tax returns, as well as violating prohibition laws. He also had $7,692 in court cost. # Capone had no other choice but to throw in the flag. His life as a gangster was over. In May 1932, Capone started his 11-year sentence in Atlanta which was one of the roughest prisons in America at the time. While in prison, Capone managed to smuggle in a couple thousand dollars and paid the guards off while furnishing his cell with a mirrors, typewriter, rugs, and a set of the Encyclopedia Britannica. # Capone was still in control because of the street credit that he obviously still had. Capone was soon taken to Alcatraz where he would be monitored frequently. Alcatraz wasn’t any walk in the park. It was highly monitored where Capone was nothing else but another inmate. Capone was helpless now. Although helpless, Capone did cash in on good behavior and was granted some time off his sentence for good behavior. Capone, again, gave up on the rebellious life and started acting the way the he was meant to from the start. Capone got along so well with everyone that he actually had time cut off for bad behavior. Although Capone was calm himself, he did get into several fights with other inmates but none proved to be instigated by him. While working down in the prison basement, Capone got stabbed by another inmate while standing in line to get a haircut. He was sent to the penitentiary hospital were he stayed for several days soon to be released with a minor wound. Capone was finally released from Alcatraz on January 6, 1939. He then headed to the Federal Correctional Institution at Terminal Island in California where he stayed until November 16 of that year to serve his one-year misdemeanor charge. # Capone returned to his mansion in Palm Island, Florida, after his release. The big, bad mobster from the 20’s and 30’s was slowly deteriorating. His overall body strength, weight, and mindset were all dropping at a rapid pace. Capone had gotten syphilis when he was younger and never did anything about it which led to dementia. On January 21, 1947, Capone had a apoplectic stroke and was out for several days. Finally regaining consciousness, Capone the suffered from pneumonia three days later and went into a cardiac arrest which was probably all linked to his syphilis. Capone was buried in Mount Olivet Cemetery in Chicago between his parents but then was moved to Mount Carmel Cemetery in Hillside, Illinois. # Capone was the pioneer of crime in America. We have our Jesse James and such but this wa s a different criminal. He was smart. Smart enough to get away from murder trials but unlucky enough and rich enough to become a victim of his own success. â€Å"Scarface† will always be remembered as the greatest mobster in the history of America. Bibliography â€Å"Al Capone. † Chicago Historical Society. http://www. chicagohs. org/history/capone. html [assessed April 14, 2007]. â€Å"Al â€Å"Scarface† Capone. † Alcatraz History. http://www. alcatrazhistory. com/cap1. htm [assessed April 14, 2007]. â€Å"Al Capone. † Wikipedia. http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Al_Capone [assessed April 14, 2007]. â€Å"Al Capone. Made in America. † Crime Library. http://www. crimelibrary. com/gangsters_outlaws/mob_bosses/capone/index_1. htm [assessed April 14, 2007]. â€Å"Famous Cases. † FBI History. http://www. fbi. gov/libref/historic/famcases/capone/capone. htm [assessed April 14, 2007].

network topology essays

network topology essays Topic 1-Chapter 6: Network Topologies Explain the difference between logical and physical topologies. Describe the three different types of topologies. Answer: Topology is the basic geometric layout of the network, which shows the different way in which computers are interconnected with each other within the network. So there is a significant difference between logical and physical topology. A logical topology is a conceptual explanation of network activities whereas physical topologies show the physical installation of a network. So logical topology is much like a logical data flow diagram (DFD) and physical topology is like physical DFD. The topology shows the ways a network weaves connect different PCs within a network. It concerned about both the physical and logical way network nods are connected to each other. The physical topology describes how the cables are run through the network and the way in which nodes are physically connected to the network line. It is the network layout, which users can see and must actually plug together. On the other hand, logical topology describes how signals flow between different nods and how they interrelate with each other. So logically a network might be described as one way but physically it may be characterized is entirely different way (Rosch, 1988). For example An Ethernets logical topology is a bus topology but its physical topology is a star topology. (Fizgerald There are different types of network topologies are used in telecommunications networks, among them three are widely used in WANs and LANs. They are as follows- A bus topology: A bus topology network is the simplest topology in a network in which local processors share the same communication channel. (OBrien, 2001) A star topology: A network that ties all end users computers to a central computer is called a star topology. Here all computers are directly connected to the ce...

Letting Your Challenges Define Youâ€Finding Your Niche

Letting Your Challenges Define You- Finding Your Niche I had every reason not to write. With all three of my kids having major disabilities, my life was about plate-spinning and hoping that my plates would not all come crashing onto the floor- at least, not all at once. I felt sorry for myself- for leaving teaching to play caregiver, and for quitting on the writing I loved. But, helping my kids was my callingand yet, also a challenge that stopped my career and defined who I was. Caregiver. Not writer. Sure, I wrote some lessons for their teachers. I had my teaching credential and a masters in educational curriculum development. Why not? But, mostly, I just volunteered. My kids are now 20-something; only my son has launched. Both of my girls still need help with crisis-management and life skills. It seemed like my life was all about helping kids navigate theirs. There was no room for a writing career. Until the day, twelve years ago, my sons teacher asked me for help. Federal law mandates schools teach transition skills to students with special needs. Students need to learn how to adultfrom cooking and cleaning, to finding and keeping a job. What she found was either too-print-rich or too ba It felt good. Here was a project I could do while my kids were asleep. It was creative and needed. Â  It was almost like Id been training my whole life to write this work. It took off. First, I sold hard copies to local teachers. Word spread. Soon, teachers wanted new topics for different populations- kids who needed basic life skills, kids on the autism spectrum, kids who were in workability programs- and Daily Living Skills emerged. As sales grew, I submitted to educational publishers. They rejected me because my niche market was too small. I continued to self-publish. I joined Teachers Pay Teachers (TpT). They sell digital lessons During this time, Hope wrote about a call for submissions from Chicken Soup for the Soul in Funds for Writers. I wrote about the miracles of life with special needs kids. Im now a regular author for them. Â  I soon added a bi-weekly column about parenting special needs teens on HealthyPlace.com. I began speaking at conferences and developed a following. A new family crisis inspired me to write a novel about a bipolar teen finding the hero within herself. The Edge of Brilliance was my first YA novel, published Ironically, I now write every chance I get. I speak at conferences and post on blogs, my articles appear in magazines all over the country and books on a regular basis, Ive published one novel and am working on another, and Im considered an expert in my field. I do this while still staying home as a caregiver for my daughters and helping them navigate the last steps of transition. And yet, I am a writerbecause I let my challenges define my niche. Links: www.susantraugh.com www.teacherspayteachers.com/Store/Susan-Traugh www.teacherspayteachers.com https://www.healthyplace.com/blogs/author/straugh https://www.facebook.com/transition2life.dailylivingskills/ susan.traugh@gmail.com

Tort Law Master Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Tort Law Master - Case Study Example Mr. Andrews could be implicated with "legal liability for a failure to act."3 As with regards to Mr. Andrews, he first had an obligation to Mr. Brown that he would treat him fairly as he would any of his other investors. This duty of care is evidenced in the following case. "In Donoghue v Stevenson [1932] AC 562, Lord Atkin recognized that the existing examples of duties to take care could be seen as aspects of a single tort[whereas i]n Anns v Merton [1978] AC 728, Lord Wilberforce stated [the single, universal test for the duty of care in negligence arose] on the basis of 'neighbourhood,' unless there was some distinct reason to deny a duty."6 Mr. Andrews next breached the obligation to be fair to Mr. Brown by acting in a manner inconsistent with the way a responsible managing director of a company normally would. Mr. Andrews's third and fourth causes of action were that his conduct was the cause of harm, and did harm Mr. Brown. Mr. Andrews was clearly at fault, according to the Law Reform Act of 1945 which states that "[Fault is . . .] negligence, breach of statutory duty or other act or omission which gives rise to a liability in tort."7 Consequentially, as a result of this negligence, Mr. ... Mr. Andrews next breached the obligation to be fair to Mr. Brown by acting in a manner inconsistent with the way a responsible managing director of a company normally would. Mr. Andrews's third and fourth causes of action were that his conduct was the cause of harm, and did harm Mr. Brown. Mr. Andrews was clearly at fault, according to the Law Reform Act of 1945 which states that "[Fault is . . .] negligence, breach of statutory duty or other act or omission which gives rise to a liability in tort."7 Consequentially, as a result of this negligence, Mr. Brown's surviving relatives could sue for "pain and suffering," which would include the "mental and emotional trauma which are recoverable as elements of damage in torts."8 Damages would be determined by the judge. With regards to the second case, there are several tort issues that come up. "Tortsinclude all wrongs of commission to rights in tangible matter, wrongs to rights in the body, life, liberty and security, and wrongs to rights in tangible property, its possession and exclusive control."9 Mr. Orange, if he survives the automobile accident, is liable not only in situation of having robbed the bank, but additionally would face charges due to having injured Mr. White in the process of robbing the bank. Not only this, but Mr. Brown could sue Mr. Orange for recklessness and subsequent damages sustained from the car accident that ensued following the robbery. Thus, Mr. Orange is in a great deal of trouble. Not only does he incur liability for robbing a bank, but in the process of committing that crime, he injured two people. As such, if he does survive, Mr. Orange

National Labor Relations Act addresses the right-to-work provision Essay

National Labor Relations Act addresses the right-to-work provision. Discuss the topics listed below - Essay Example forced unionization, section 14(b) of the Taft-Harley Act provides that states may exercise their sovereignty in determining whether they will protect their citizens from forced unionization by enforcing the right-to-work provision. (The Employers Council, 2008). The states that have chosen to utilize the right-to-work provision include Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Tennessee, Mississippi, Louisiana, Arkansas, Iowa, North Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska, Kansas, Oklahoma, Texas, Wyoming, Idaho, Utah, Arizona and Nevada. The region of Guam also makes use of the right-to-work provision. (National Right to Work Legal Defense Foundation, 2008). While Florida and Arkansas were the first states to incorporate this law in 1944 (Answers Corporation, 2008), Oklahoma was the most recent state to make use of it, having agreed upon it in 2001. It should also be noted that employees who work for an airline or railway company, or who work on a federal enclave, are exceptions to those employees typically protected by states with right-to-work laws. (National Right to Work Legal Defense Foundation, 2008). Because there is nearly a half-and-half split of states in the U.S. that are either right-to-work states of forced u nionization states, it is useful to examine some of the differences between these states. It is interesting to examine characteristics of states utilizing the right-to-work provision as opposed to those states that enforce forced unionization. Four characteristics of right-to-work states are increased real personal income, increased manufacturing establishments, increased number of people covered by private health insurance, and increased real value. These characteristics are ascertained by statistics from such sources as the United States Department of Commerce, the United States Census Bureau, and the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics. In terms of real personal income, from 1993 to 2003 the increase was 37%

Martin Luther King Jr's use of ethos pathos and logos in his I have a Essay

Martin Luther King Jr's use of ethos pathos and logos in his I have a dream speach - Essay Example In terms of rhetorical theory, ethos represents the implementation of ethics and morals as a rhetorical tool. One of King’s most powerful implementation of logos appears when he states, â€Å"One hundred years later, the life of the Negro is still sadly crippled by the manacles of segregation and the chains of discrimination† (‘I Have a Dream Speech’). Here King is comparing the oppression of the modern African-American with the same oppression that was experienced during slavery. This is a powerful implementation of ethos as it implements societies understanding of the wrongness of slavery in demonstrating that similar events continue to occur. Logos is understood as the rhetorical implementation of logic and reason as primary argumentative techniques. King’s speech makes great use of logos. One of the most powerful implementations of this occurs when King references the Declaration of Independence. He states, â€Å"It is obvious today that America has defaulted on this promissory note insofar as her citizens of color are concerned† (‘I Have a Dream Speech’). Of course, King is referencing the nature of the Declaration of Independence as proclaiming the unalienable rights of all citizens.

A Look At Repression English Literature Essay

A Look At Repression English Literature Essay Ladies Coupe: A novel in parts narrates the tale of six women who meet purely by chance on a short train journey. It traces the lives of the six women as they travel in the ladies compartment. The stories they relate help the protagonists Akhilandeswari to find resolutions for the tormenting questions that taunt her and enable her to establish her true identity. The other five women belong to different age groups and classes of the society. Their individual struggle against the myriad repressive forces instills in Akhila a sense of courage and clarity in action. The repressive forces in their multiple manifestations as patriarchal attitudes, sexual politics and sexual stereotyping impose a restriction on womens individuality and leads to their marginalization which is effectuated by traditional and cultural institutions. Feminist perspective as a woman centered theory provides strategies for change. As such the feminist principle is an uncompromising pledge and an antidote to all types of exploitation and repression of women. The fundamental goal of feminist perspective, according to Maggie Humm, is à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦to understand womens oppression in terms of race, gender, class and sexual preference and how to change it. (Maggie, x) The personality of woman has been sought to be damaged and distorted and her very status as human being has brought down under the overwhelming male domination. Thus, a woman who protests against her depersonalization and annihilation and who walks out of home to live and to be human are made aware of the futility of her actions. Clearly, the forces of cultural and social inculcations are too strong to be completely overcome. We find the Indian women being torn between individual desires and societal expectations. In the tradition bound society like our Indian society, it is no wonder that writers like Anita Nair has reflected such types of repression in her novels. The problem of repression faced by women varies according to their social, cultural and economic status. The tradition bound Indian society considered the very birth of girls a curse and rearing a girl child is more expensive and risky than a male child, so people dreaded the very birth of girls. The girls have to undergo a lot of difficulties in this chauvinistic society, after their difficult entry into this world. Discrimination was shown even in education. People firmly believe that a girls place is only at home, so they were reluctant to give her education. Even when she was educated, she was trained only in domestic traits. This is because a girl is viewed only as wife and a mother. Therefore, the one and only idea instituted in her mind, right from her birth was to please the male. This becomes the soul purpose of her life. So, even right from her birth the repressive problems are faced by women. In Ladies Coupe, Anita Nair delineates various women characters and provides a macro picture of womens society. Janaki got married at the age of eighteen. As a girl of eighteen, she is not matured enough to know the meaning of marriage and what to expect of marriage. Janaki accommodates her body and mind to marriage and what it had to offer her in life. She did not live for her own self; she lived for her husband. Janaki didnt know what to expect of marriage. All through her girlhood, marriage was a destination she was being groomed for. She wasnt expected to know what it really meant to be married, and neither was she curious about it. It would come to her as it had to her mother. (LC 25) As a wife in the patriarchal society, Janaki finds her husband a loving and protecting one in the initial of her life. She is not matured enough to understand her suppressed condition in the patriarchal society. She remembers the words of her mother, He is your husband and you must accept whatever he does (LC 25). They have a son and daughter-in-law. They were branded as the golden couple and were exemplary perfect parents. As she got married at a very early age, she doesnt even know that she is suppressed in the bond of marriage. Only at the age of forty-five, she realized that all her desires are oppressed. But, Janaki resents her husbands overbearing nature over their son and revolts against it. She questions his right to control their son and slowly she begins to hate her husbands actions. Janaki could not unlearn what patriarchy had instituted in her. Even the initial revulsion of the physical act in the beginning of her married life, turns into an acceptance of the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã ‚ ¦ pleasures hidden in rituals of togethernessà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ (26). She is confined in the bondage of a wife, mother and most importantly the woman that patriarchy has moulded into her. Marriage life is the next stage of repression. After marriage, a girl becomes a woman and she has various roles to perform. She has to play the roles of a daughter in law, wife, mother and mother in law. Of all the roles mentioned here, the most difficult roles are a woman as daughter-in- law and wife. They could never come out of tradition. The inborn feminine traits of the traditional never allowed them to mould away from tradition. They never opposed or questioned their men folk. Instead, they suppress all their emotions and desires and are being controlled by the repressive forces. Janaki, an elderly and wise woman, comes out with a meaning of life that all women are prone to: I am a woman who has always been looked after. First there was my father and my brothers; then my husband. When my husband is gone, there will be my son, waiting to take from where his father let off. Women like me end up being fragile. Our men treat us like princesses. And because of that we look down upon women who are strong and who can cope by themselves. I believe in that old clichà © that a home was a womans kingdom. I worked hard to preserve mineà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ and then suddenly one day it didnt matter anymore. My home ceased to interest me, none of the beliefs I had built my life around had any meaning. I thought if I were to lose it all, I would cope. If I ever became alone I would manage perfectly. I was confident about that. I think I was tired of being this fragile creatureà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Now I know that even if I can cope it wouldnt be the same if he wasnt there with me. (22-23) Evelyn Cunningham says that the women are the only oppressed group in our society that lives in intimate association with their oppressors. They even felt glorified in their sufferings, and if any women had rebellious attitude, the people around them curbed that in the beginning itself. Women were brainwashed right from their birth to be polite, submissive and obedient. She was expected to be chaste and faithful even when her husband was unfaithful. It is not only these illiterate home birds who were afraid to rebel against tyranny and exploitations but even the educated house wives stuck firmly to the traditional role. Such women inspite of their education considered suffering in their husbands place was far better than leading a lonely life. Margaret Shanthi, is one of the important characters in the novel Ladies Coupe novel. She is a chemistry teacher by profession is married to Ebenezer Paulraj, the principal of the school she worked in. He was a pompous self-opinionated individual who successfully destroyed Margarets self-confidence by bullying her always and then treating her as a house keeper and a cook. She goes through many physical, mental and spiritual crises. Their marriage had a fairy tale like charm initially which slowly disintegrates when Margaret begins to see the true nature of Ebe. He loved her but she dare have no individuality. Margaret initially is the little girl who says yes to whatever he says and is out to please him always. Margarets husband wanted her to become a docile wife. This is the life of the women to look after her home, her husband and her children and give them food she has cooked with her own hands (LC 40). She leads a life of obscurity in some corner of the house all the time pretend ing to be satisfied and happy. As Kamala Das says in her poem The Suicide, But I must pose I must pretend I must act the role of a happy woman Happy wife. (227) She is forced to pursue B.Ed though her real interest is to do Ph.D. Ebe insists and forces her to abort their first child which ultimately is the last straw for Margaret. She sees through his dual nature of pretentious politeness and inner cruelty. His ridiculous theories, derisive contempt of her way of house keeping and cooking and collection of defacing books with ugly drawings only intensifies Margarets hatred. She hates her husband whom she once adorned and worshipped because her dreams were broken and she comes crashing down to reality, when she is forced to abort her first pregnancy. Gnawed by indecision, guilt and pain, she allows herself to be coerced into it. She sees another side of her husband when after her abortion, a week later, he says: I love it when you call me Ebeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ I like you like thisà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ unstained and cleanà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ I never want you to change. I want you to remain like this all your life (LC 111). Whenever she tried to share her fe elings with her mother she is advised in turn: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦and like I have said many times before, it is a womans responsibility to keep the marriage happy. Men have so many pre occupations that they might not have the time or inclination to keep the wheels of a marriage oiled (112). Ebe became more and more over bearing after he becomes the principle of a school. He begins to nag her and find fault in her house keeping and cooking. She begins to hate him. Margarets family cannot accept the idea of a divorce and though she feels stifled in her marriage she continues living with Ebe. Her only consolation is food and she puts on weight. His dual nature, artificial politeness and warmth and inner cruelty; his ego, his defacing books with ugly drawings, his various theories and his constant derisive contempt of her, make her suffer intensely. I, Margaret Shanthi did it with the sole desire for revenge. To erode his self-esteem and shake the very foundations of his being. To rid this world of a creature who if allowed to remain the way he was, slim, lithe and arrogant, would continue to harvest sorrow with a single-minded joy. (LC 96) Repeatedly discouraged by her mother and the fear of the stigma of divorce, she stops short of openly asking questions that torment her mind and soul: What about me? Dont I  have a  right to  have any  expectations  of him?  Dont I work as hard as he  does and more because I run the house as well (112). Liberation is meaningful, if we do not confine women within the bonds of family. The marriage makes women submissive. This is one of the main repressive forces that every woman in the society is facing. Margaret Shanti is a good example of how women are repressed upon by male power. The powerlessness is like the colonized who fail to see and appreciate their true worth. Societal expectations far outweigh personal needs and so Shanti negates herself again and again. From an ambitious and brilliant student who wants to chart out a career on her own, she becomes a dutiful wife to Ebenezer who rouses fear in everyone around him. She silences her aspirations in order to be what Ebenezer wants her to be. She decided to become a teacher instead of working on her decorate. She cut her hair short. She stopped going to church every Sunday, eating bhelpuri outside and finally agrees to abort her child though she knows that her religion forbids it. As usual, he takes the decisions and I (Shanti) let his voice smooth away my fears. He was Ebe. My Ebe. He was right. He was always right (LC 109). Shashi Deshpande, in her novel The Dark Holds No Terror, defines the lopsided gender equation within the context of urban marital relationships. A wife must always be a few feet behind her husband. If he is an M.A., you should be a B.Aà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Womens magazines will tell you that marriage should be an equal partnership. Thats nonsense. Rubbish. No partnership can ever be equal. It will always be unequal, but take care that its unequal in favor of your husband. (The Dark Holds No Terror 85) The belief that existed in the past and continued to be fresh in the minds of the people was that the man should be the bread winner and woman the home maker in the family. It was the husband who slogs way at job or business, to give the family a decent way of living, fully confident that the wife at home would efficiently manage the house, also look after his parents and children, awaiting his return for a conjugal round of dinner. In the present day, the situation becomes different. Women now demand more space, the rights and freedom because they want to come out of the repressive forces. They are not ready to be submissive and meek as their mothers. The problem of violence against women is not new. Women in the context of Indian society have been victims of repression, torture, humiliation and exploitation. All were merely trying to seek fulfillment by playing the role of a devoted wife and a caring mother. Friedan writes, For a woman, as for a man the need for self-fulfillment autonomy, self-realization, independence, individuality, self-actualization is as important as the sexual need, with as serious consequences when it is thwarted. Womens sexual problems are, in this sense, by-products of the suppression of her basic need to grow and fulfill her potentialities as human being, potentialities which the mystique of feminism fulfillment ignores. (282) Nairs women suffer from a system of sex role stereotyping and repression that exist under patriarchal social organizations. Of course, patriarchy, in its different forms, has tried in many ways to repress, debase and humiliate women especially through the images represented in cultural and traditional forms. She is supposed only to listen, not to speak; only to suffer, not to shriek (42). In Ladies Coupe, Marikolanthu is the last one to narrate her story. She is a young girl and uneducated who is poorly dressed and lives in a tamed and controlled environment. She lives in a noisy psycho-social group and she is stressed by it. Hans Seyle, an endocrinologist says that stress is the rate of wear and tear in the body. Her mother works as a cook at the Chettiar household. Her mother stopped her schoolings and allowed only her sons to go for school. Marikolanthu was repeatedly warned by her mother  because she was easily impressed by people: you give your heart too easily,  child.  They will break it  into thousand  pieces  and leave it on the ground for others to trample into dust (LC  216).  On such occasions  she had  always  teased  her  mother asking her if the heart was a glass bangle (LC  216). But her experience results in her realization of the value of her  mothers  words.  She  says, But you know what, the heart is a glass bangle. One careless moment and it is shattered. We know that, yet we continue to wear glass bangles. Each time they break, we buy new ones hoping that these will last longer than the others did. How silly we women are. We should wear bangles made of granite and turn hearts into the same. When the girls are trained in the domestic affairs, the boys are expected to keep away from the domestic traits. Much discrimination are shown in the upbringing of boys and girls. In a male chauvinistic society like India, boys are given a long rope, while the girls are confined at home. Even the girls themselves never minded such discriminations. On the contrary they are well contended with their role. Later Marikolanthu is employed as a domestic helper and also she has to look after Sujata akkas son. She adores that kid but hates her own son Muthu who is born after a rape encounter with Murugesan so she resents the birth of her unwanted son. Her life revolves around the Chettiar household. She looks after the households and in the afternoons, she willingly obeys whenever Sujatha akka needs her for her physical fulfillment and whenever the master needs her for the same. When Sujatha akka learns about her husbands affair, she rejects Marikolanthu and throws her out of the house. Marikolanthu leaves Kanchepuram and before that she mortgages her son Muthu for rupees five thousand at her rapist Murugesans looms. Later, there is a change in her heart when she sees her son lighting the pyre of the dead Murugesan. She decides to take care of her son Muthu. Marikolanthu has to face the strains of life herself. She is a victim of repression, a virtual slave, the victim of men, of casteism and of innumerable social injustices. It is that gender bias and oppression of women emerges as a powerful theme of the novel. She is being repressed by Murugesan. The device he uses to control her is rape. She feels defiled and corrupt. She evokes our sympathy when she says, In the distance, I heard the calls. Bogi! Bogi! The sparks would fly as the bonfire was set alight and the night would crackle with the sound of dried logs and twigs waking up. With my past, my future too had been torched alive. (LC 241) Marikolunthu suffers extreme repression social, familial and financial. It is ultimately love that brings her on the right track where she will find happiness and fulfillment. Her struggle has been one of hate for herself and accommodating with humiliating relationships thereafter. Her resolve to bring up her child shows her forming in to a new character. The words of  Marikolunthu could be quoted as an apt conclusion to the motif of the novel: Women are strong. Woman can do everything as well as men. Women can do much more. But a woman has to seek the vein of strength in herself. It does not show itself naturally. (LC 210) The female body becomes the site of violence in the case of the rape of Marikolanthu. Like the violence unleashed by the colonizer on the powerless colonized, she has to face physical repression and mental torture when left to fend for her. With his brute strength, Murugesan attacks her and she is left helpless. She is different from the other women in the coupe because her experiences are far more painful. The traditional image that a girl forms in her mind is to be submissive, committed, docile and tolerant so that she may prove herself an ideal woman not only for her husband but also for her father in law, mother in law and the other in laws. The Brahmin heroine, Akhila, whose life has been taken out of her control, is a spinster, daughter, sister, aunt and the only provider of her family after the death of her father. Getting fed up with these multiple roles, she decides to go on a train journey away from family and responsibilities, a journey that will ultimately make her a different woman. In the ladies coupe compartment, she meets five other women each of whom has a story to tell. The stories are all an attempt to answer Akhhilas problematic question. Can a woman stay single and be happy at the same time? Akhila asks such a question because she is being suppressed by all the members of her family. She has never been allowed to live her own life. She questions her family members, Why shouldnt I live alone? Im of able body and mind. I can look after myself. I earn reasonably well. Akhila paused when her voice chocked with tears, and asked me what my desires were or what my dreams are? Did anyone of you ever think of me as a woman? Someone who has needs and longings just like you do? (LC 206) The protagonist Akhila loses her father at a very young age and since then she has been shouldering the responsibility of the entire family. She served as a clerk in the income tax department. When Akhilas father died, the family responsibility falls on her fragile shoulders. The narrator elucidates: When Akhilas father died, two things happened: Sunday become just another day of the week and Akhila became the man of the family (LC 75). Manning the responsibility of the family begins to repress her desires. Even her mother does not care about her desires. They have never asked, What about you? Youve been the head of this family ever since Appa died. Dont you want a husband, children, a home of your own? (LC 77). Akhila wanted to lead her life with Hari who is younger than herself. But her desires have been repressed by the social norms. Akhila wished for once, someone would see her as a whole being. What Akhila most desired in the world was to be her own person; in a place that was her own. To do as she pleased. To live as she chose with neither restraint nor fear of censure (LC 201). Akhilas youthful days were spent bringing up her sister Padma and two brothers Narayan and Narsi. They are happily married and settled. She is seen as a bread winner and they continue to suppress her desires with their needs and demands. Akhila says Dont you think you should wait for your elder sister to get married before you think of a wife and a family? (LC 77). Her selfish siblings were concerned only about their own well-being. They married and moved on in life without even bothering to think about Akhilas future. Akhila has wasted away her precious youthful days and when she finally mustered the courage to make a difference in life; she was given a lot of advice by her siblings about the dangers of living alone as a spinster. Her sister Padma needed the financial support of Akhila to run the household. The brothers Narayan and Narsi were worried about society. Narsi its improper for a woman to live alone. What will society say? That your family has abandoned you. Besides, there will be a whole lot of questions that will pop up about your reputation. You know how people put two and two together and come up with six. Nalinis family will be scandalized if they hear about this. Have you thought of how embarrassing my position will be? (Ladies Coupe 205) Akhilas brother tried to smoothen her ruffled feathers. He said that he owed his life to his sister. But he too was worried about Akhilas decision to live alone. He said, How will you cope? This is not a reflection on who you are. How can any woman cope alone? (206). Thus a patriarchal society did not approve o a womans decision to live alone without the protection of the men of the house, even if they financially depended on the women. Akhila saw the irony of the situation and later developed the succor to overcome such tyrannical systems. Initially Akhila undertakes the journey to Kanyakumari as a form of escape. Akhila is placed in a situation of unfamiliarity and dislocation precisely because her struggle for identity should come out more clearly. What she hated most à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦was not having an identity of her own. She was always an extension of someone elses identity. Chandras daughter, Narayans Akka, Priyas auntà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ she wished for someone would see her as a whole being. Akhila undertakes this journey as a form of escape, a desire to go away alone, a sense of excitement of being able to do something all by herself, not having to take permission, of taking an independent decision. She moves on to see what has never been seen, go where she has never gone before. Akhilas journey begins with a sense of escape: the smell of a railway platform at night fills Akhila with a sense of escape (1). Always the daughter, the sister, the aunt or the provider, she had no time to actualize herself, until one day she bought for herself a one-day ticket to the seaside town of Kanyakumari. She is gloriously alone for the first time in her life and is determined to break free from all that her conservative Tamil Brahmin life had forced on her. Akhila had always dreamt of this à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦eyes looking ahead. Of leaving. Of running away. Of pulling out. Of escaping(1). Akhila has never done anything that she desired to, but only what she was expected to do. But now she has a strong desire to be free and want to experience the real happiness of freedom. She decides to go the lands end to make a new beginning of experiencing the real meaning of freedom. And we are introduced to Akhila as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ that sort of a womanà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ (who) does what is expected of herà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦(1). In their minds Akhila has ceased to be a woman and had already metamorphosed into a spinster. Akhila is a woman who is throbbing with life, vitality and sexuality. All these are suppressed to cater to the needs of her family. Akhila understands that matrimony is a patriarchal practice which sanctions men power to overpower woman. All the women characters in Ladies Coupe have been affected in one way or other because of patriarchal system. It provides an insight into emotional challenges of each of the women overcame in their life. It is the emotional outburst of the deprived women that Akhila has tried to portray. Women hesitate to take decision on their own and they think marriage is the ultimate aim of their life and pleasing their husband is a main concern of women. In the due course, they failed to create identity of their own. The self abnegation of women goes unrecognized in a patriarchal society and this leads to the self abasement of womens importance in society. A woman in t he post independence era is aware of the discrimination she has to face, the sexual harassment and violence which she explores in the male dominated society. Nair discusses marital rape perpetrated by the modern Indian male in her novels. The restrictions prevalent in Indian family prevent the Indian girls from youthful love before marriage. Girls are generally not allowed to mix with boys during their adolescence. The girls feelings are not shown as they are rarely expressed in real life. It is common for all girls in the middle class to express their love or make decisions. As the girls are confined at home the most part of their pleasing others becomes their prime duty at home. Shashi Deshpande rightly judges that, everything in girls life, it seemed was shaped to that single purpose of pleasing a male (79). The novel Mistress discusses the sexual violence and the repressive power of Shyam in the marital relationship of Shyam and Radha. This novel revolves around the life of Radha, Shyam and their morbid marriage against the backdrop of the narratives of Radhas uncle Koman, who is a Kathakali exponent. Her unhappy situation in the ill matched marriage drives her into the arms of Chris, an American writer. The novel culminates in Radha finding her own voice and deciding to go against the repressive force of her husband. The most remarkable part of the novel is the characterization of Shyam, which is a perfect mould of a modern, educated, tech savvy Indian male who finds it hard to shed his traditional role as a man. Nair has given Shyam his own voice through his first person narrative and thereby taking the reader straight into his mind. Shyam is a twenty first century male through and through. He is extremely successful in his business, which is his undoing in a sense. He is never reluctant to turn any opportunity into a money making venture. His only failure perhaps is his inability to understand his wife and treat her as an individual who has a mind for her own. To him, Radha is another possession, which he is proud of, as he is of his business ventures. He often refers to her as My Radha (90) as if to affirm his ownership. Simone de Beauvoir speaks about this masculine trait in The Second Sex: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Subordinated economically and socially to her husband, the good wife is the mans most precious treasure. She belongs to him so profoundly that she partakes the same essence as he; she has his name, his gods, and he is responsible for her. He calls her his better half. He takes pride in his wife as he does in his house, his lands, his flocks, and his wealth and sometimes even more; through her he displays his power before the world; she is his measure and his earthly portion. (207) Shyams idea of marriage is to keep a pretty wife, indulge in her wishful fancies and make her dependent on him. He does not want an assertive woman as a wife. Radha and Shyam are incompatible in many ways and Radha feels suffocated by her marriage. She compares herself to the butterfly which can be taken as a good example of repression. His arms pins me to the bed. His bed. I think that for Shyam, I am a possession. A much cherished possession. That is my role in his life. He doesnt want an equal; what he wants is a mistress. Someone to indulge and someone to indulge him with feminine wilesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ I think of the butterfly I caught and pinned to a board when it was still alive, its wings spread so as to display the markings, oblivious that somewhere within, a little heart beat, yearning to fly. I am that butterfly now. (Mistress 87) Feminism voices the new womans demand to be treated as an equal human being, rather than a piece of furniture meant for the convenience of man. The repression of woman is expressed well in the novels of women writers in all its intensity. Shyam wanted to prove that he is the husband and he has complete right over his wifes body whether she welcomes the intrusion or not. Shyams perpetrate acts of sexual violence leaves a deep scar on Radha, where as, he is quite satisfied with what he has done without any remorse. He is blind in his pursuit and does not care for Radhas feelings. His only aim is to bring her under control by suppressing her desires and emotions. The key to happiness in marriage is the ability to endure and go on. But there are many marriages where women are dominated by their husbands and do not find freedom and space in their marital life. There is a new breed of women who is questioning the very institution of marriage and the double standards of judgment applied to women and men. Panduranga Rao rightly admires that, Given the limitations of tradition and its inhibitive influence one cannot but admire the guts of these women who have taken it upon themselves to question and question logically what comes to be accepted as a divine fiat in matters of man-woman relationship and related areas. (Ra0 75) For Shyam, Radha is his proud possession and the marriage between Shyam and Radha fails to be a marriage of minds or hearts. In place of an understanding and meaningful relationship that marriage can be, Shyam wants an unequal relationship that would make Radha his proud possession so the marriage between Shyam and Radha is not a marriage of minds or hearts. Radha has no expectations from the institutions of marriage. Shyam always does things to maintain his prestige. He says I am a survivor everyday and in every way. Im getting better and better (160). This attitude makes Radha uneasy. She is escorted everywhere and has little freedom to do anything on her own. All her desires and emotions were totally repressed. In her relationship with Shyam she feels, I think that for Shyam, I am a possession. A much cherished possession. That is my role in his life. He doesnt want an equal; what he wants is a mistress. Someone to indulge and someone to indulge him with feminine wiles. (Mistress 153) She is blamed always for being disorderly. She never arranged books in the shelf properly. There is a lack of meaningful communication between them which leads to a rift in their relationship. However, Shyam admires Radha in every way and loves her very much. Radha says Shyam likes to think of me prettying myself for him. He prefers a glossy, silly wife to a homely, practical one. Glossy, silly wives are malleable (Mistress 61). She is kept at home like a bird in the cage unable to exhibit her talents. When he prevents her from going to the match factory, a clash occurs again between them. Radha is also thwarted from taking tuitions in a primary school. Shyams domination over her prevents her from making a choice of her own. This kind of domination makes her feel suffocated and she asks him, Dont I have a right to a